Field Guide to Diseases and Insect Pests of Idaho and Montana Forests

Susan K. Hagle – Plant Pathologist,
Scott Tunnock – Entomologist (retired),
Kenneth E. Gibson – Entomologist, and
Carma J. Gilligan – Biological Technician.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, State and Private Forestry, Northern Region, P.O. Box 7669, Missoula, Montana 59807. 1987. Reprint 1990. Publication Number R1-89-54.

Index to Pests by Tree Species and Part of Tree Affected

Abies grandis – grand fir

Roots:

1. Aphididae – aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Ceratocystis wageneri – Black stain root disease
4. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
5. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
6. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Adelges picea – Balsam wooly adelgid
2. Aphididae – aphid
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Cryptoporus volvatus – Pouch fungs
6. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker
7. Dryocetes confusus – Western balsam bark beetle
8. Echinodontium tinctorus – Indian paint fungus
9. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
10. Fomitopsis of pinicola – Redbelt fungus
11. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
12. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
13. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
14. Scolytus ventralis – Fir engraver
15. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
16. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Adelges picae – Balsam wooly adelgid
2. Aphididae – aphid
3. Arceuthobium larisis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
4. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker
5. Melampsorella caryophyllacearum – Fir broom rust

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
2. Herpotrichia juniperi – Snow mold
3. Lambdina fiscellaris lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
4. Lirula abietis-concoloris – Lirula needle cast
5. Melampsorella caryophyllacearum – Fir broom rust
6. Orgyia pseudotsugata – Douglas-fir tussock moth
7. Phacidium abietis – Fir needle blight

Seed & cone:

1. Barbara spp. – Cone moth
2. Dioryctria spp. – Cone worm

Abies lasiocarpa – Subalpine fir

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillara root rot
3. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
4. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
5. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Adelges piceae – Balsam wooly adelgid
2. Aphididae – Aphid
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker
6. Dryocetes confusus – Western balsam bark beetle
7. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
8. pinicola – Red belt fungus
9. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
10. Phaeolus schewinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
11. Phellinus pini – Ambrosia beetle
12. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
13. Scolytus ventralis – Fir engraver
14. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
15. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Adelges piceae – Balsam woolly adelgid
2. Aphididae – Aphid
3. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker
4. Mellampsorella caryophyllacearum – Fir broom rust

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
2. Chionaspis pini foliae – Pine needle scale
3. Herpotrichia juniperi – Snow mold
4. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
5. Lirula abietis concoloris – Lirula needle cast
6. Mellampsorella caryophyllacearum – Fir broom rust
7. Orgyia pseudotsugata – Douglas-fir tussock moth
8. Phacidium abietis – Fir needle blight

Seed & Cone:

1. Barbara spp. – Cone moth
2. Dioryctria spp. – Cone worm

Larix occidentalis – Western larch

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
4. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium laricis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae pseudotsugae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Dendroctonus pseudotsugar – Douglas-fir beetle
6. Lachnellula arida – Larch canker

Branch & terminal:

1. Arceuthobium laricis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
2. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
3. Hypodermella laricis – Larch needle blight
4. Lachnellula arida – Larch canker

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
2. Colrophora laricella – Larch casebearer
3. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
4. Lophodermella laricis – Larch needle blight
5. Meria laricis – Larch needle cast
6. Neophasia menapia – Pine butterfly
7. Pristophora erichsonii – Larch sawfly
8. Zieraphera improbana – Larch bud moth

Picea engelmanni – Engelmann spruce

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root rot
4. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
3. Cerambycidae pseudotsugae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
4. Cytospora kunzei – Cytospora canker
5. Cryptoporus volatus – Pouch fungus
6. Dendroctonus rufipennis – Spruce beetle
7. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
8. Fomitopsis pinicola – Redbelt fungus
9. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
10. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
11. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
12. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
13. Scolytus ventralis – Fir engraver
14. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
15. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Chrxsomyxa arctostaphyli – Spruce broom rust
3. Cytospora kunzei – Cytospora canker
4. Pissodes strobi – White pine weevil

Leaf & bud:

1. Adelges cooleyi – Cooley spruce gall adelgis
2. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
3. Chrysomyxa arctostaphyli – Spruce broom rust
4. Herpotrichia juniperi – Snow mold
5. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
6. Orgyia pseudotsugata – Douglas-fir tussock moth
7. Rhizospheria picea – Rhizospheria needle cast

Pinus albicaulis – White bark pine

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
4. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Atropellis piniphila – Atropellis canker
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae pseudotsugae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust
6. Dendroctonus ponderosae – Mountain pine beetle
7. Dendroctonus valens – Red turpentine beetle
8. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
9. Ips pini – Pine engraver beetle
10. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
11. Slatypis spp. – Ambrosia beetle
12. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
13. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium americanum – Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
3. Arceuthobium cyanocarpum – Limber pine dwarf mistletoe
4. Arceuthobium laricis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
5. Atropellis piniphila – Atropellis canker
6. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust

Leaf & bud:

1. Herpotrichia coulteri – Snow mold
2. Lophodermella arcuata – Lophodermella needle cast

Seed & cone:

1. Eucosma spp. – Cone borer
2. Leptoglossus occidnetalis – Western conifer seed bug

Pinus contorta – Lodgepole pine

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Ceratocystis wageneri – Black stain root disease
4. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
5. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
6. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Atropellis piniphila – Atropellis canker
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Cronartium coleosporioides – Stalactiform blister rust
6. comandrae – Comandra blister rust
7. Cryptoporus volatus – Pouch fungus
8. Dendroctonus brevicomis – Western pine beetle
9. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
10. pinicola – Redbelt fungus
11. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
12. Ips pini – pine engraver
13. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
14. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
15. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
16. Synanthedon sequoiae – Sequoia pitch moth
17. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
18. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium americanum – Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
3. campylopodium – Limer pine dwarf mistletoe
4. laricis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
5. Cecidomyia piniinopis – Gouty pitch midge
6. Cronartium coleosporoides – Stalactiform blister rust
7. comandrae – Comandra blister rust
8. Endocronartium harknessii – Western gall rust
9. Eucosma sonomana – Western pine shoot borer
10. Pissodes strobi – White pine weevil
11. terminalis – Lodgepole terminal weevil
12. Synanthedon sequoiae – Sequoia pitch moth

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura lambertiana – Sugar pine tortrix
2. occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
3. Herpotrichia coulteri – Snow mold
4. Lophodermella concolor – Lodgepole pine needle cast
5. Magdalis gentilis – Defoliating weevil
6. Neodiprion nanulus contortae – Pine sawfly
7. Neophasia menapis – Pine butterfly
8. Scythropus elegans – Elegant weevil

Seed & cone:

1. Eucosma spp. – Cone borer
2. Leptoglossus occidnetalis – Western conifer seed bug

Pinus flexilis – Limber pine

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
3. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
4. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust
5. Cryptoporus volatus – Pouch fungus
6. Dendroctonus ponderosae – Mountain pine beetle
7. valens – Red turpentine beetle
8. Fomitopsis pinicola – Redbelt fungus
9. Ips pini – pine engraver
10. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
11. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium americanum – Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
3. cyanocarpum – Limber pine dwarf mistletoe
4. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust

Leaf & bud:

1. Herpotrichia coulteri – Snow mold
2. Lophodermella arcuata – Lophodermella needle cast

Seed & cone:

1. Leptoglossus occidnetalis – Western conifer seed bug

Pinus monticola – Western white pine

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Ceratocystis wageneri – Black stain root disease
4. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
5. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
6. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
3. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
4. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust
5. Cryptoporus volatus – Pouch fungus
6. Dendroctonus ponderosae – Mountain pine beetle
7. Dendroctonus valens – Red turpentine beetle
8. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
9. Fomitopsis pinicola – Red belt fungus
10. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
11. Ips pini – Pine engraver
12. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
13. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
14. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetles
15. Synanthedon sequoiae – Sequoia pitch moth
16. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
17. Xyleborus spp.– Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium cyanocarpum – Limber pine dwarf mistletoe twig canker
3. Cronartium ribicola – White pine blister rust

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western pine blister rust
2. Dothistroma pini – Dothistroma needle blight
3. Herpotrichia coulteri – Snow mold
4. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
5. Neophasia menapia – Pine butterfly
6. Scythropus elegans – Elegant weevil

Seed & cone:

1. Conophthorus ponderosae – Pine cone beetle
2. Eucosma spp. – Cone borer
3. Leptoglossus occidnetalis – Western conifer seed bug

Pinus ponderosa – ponderosa pine

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Ceratocystis wageneri – Black stain root disease
4. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
5. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
6. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Atropellis piniphila – Atropellis canker
3. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
4. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
5. Cronartium coleosporioides – Stalactiform blister rust
6. Cronartium comandrae – Comandra blister rust
7. Cryptoporus volatus – Pouch fungus
8. Dendroctonus brevicomis – Western pine beetle
9. Dendroctonus ponderosae – Mountain pine beetle
10. Dendroctonus valens – Red turpentine beetle
11. Endocronartium harknessii – Western gall rust
12. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
13. Fomitopsis of pinicola – Redbelt fungus
14. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
15. Ips pini – pine engraver
16. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
17. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
18. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
19. Synanthedon sequoiae – Sequoia pitch moth
20. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
21. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium americanum – Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe
3. Arceuthobium campylopodum – Ponderosa pine dwarf mistletoe
4. Arceuthobium laricis – Larch dwarf mistletoe
5. Cecidomyia piniinopis – Gouty pitch midge
6. Diplodia pini – Diplodia tip canker
7. Endocronartium harknessii – Western gall rust
8. Eucosma sonomana – Western pine shoot borer

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura lambertiana – Sugar pine tortrix
2. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western pine blister rust
3. Dothistroma pini – Dothistroma needle blight
4. Elytroderma deformans – Elytoderma needle cast
5. Magdalis gentilis – Defoliating weevil
6. Neodiprion nanulus contortae – Pine sawfly
7. Neophasia nenapia – Pine butterfly
8. Nacophora mexicanaria – Pine looper
9. Scythropus elegans – Elegant weevil

Seed & cone:

1. Conophthorus ponderosae – Pine cone beetle
2. Eucosma spp. – Cone borer
3. Leptoglossus occidnetalis – Western conifer seed bug

Pseudotsuga menziesii – Douglas fir

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Ceratocystis wageneri – Black stain root disease
4. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
5. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
6. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
3. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
4. Cryptoporus volvatus – Pouch fungus
5. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker
6. Dendroctonus pseudotsugae – Douglas-fir beetle
7. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
8. Fomitopsis of pinicola – Redbelt fungus
9. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
10. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
11. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
12. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
13. Scolytus ventralis – Fir engraver
14. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
15. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Branch & terminal:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Arceuthobium douglasii – Douglas-fir dwarf mistletoe
3. Cytospora abietis – Cytospora canker

Leaf & bud:

1. Adelges cooleyi – Cooley spruce gall adelgid
2. Chionaspis pini foliae – Pine needle scale
3. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
4. Contarinia constricta – Needle midge
5. Contarinia cuniculator – Needle midge
6. Contarinia pseudotsugae – Douglas-fir needle midge
7. Herpotrichia juniperi – Snow mold
8. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
9. Neophasia menapia – Pine butterfly
10. Neptyia freemani – Western false hemlock looper
11. Nuculaspis californica – Black pineleaf scale
12. Orgyia pseudotsugata – Douglas-fir tussock moth
13. Phaeocryptopus gaumanni – Swiss needle cast
14. Rhabdocline pseudotsugae – Rhabdocline needle cast
15. Rhabdocline weirii – Rhabdocline needle cast
16. Scythropus elegans – Elegant weevil

Seed & cone:

1. Barbara spp. – Cone moth
2. Dioryctria spp. – Cone worms
3. Leptoglossus occidentalis – Western conifer seed bug

Thuja plicata – Western redcedar

Roots:

1. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
2. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
3. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
4. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Perenniporia sericeomollis – Cedar brown pocket rot
2. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
3. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
4. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Tsuga heterophylla – Western hemlock

Roots:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Armillaria ostoyae – Armillaria root rot
3. Fomes annosus – Annosus root rot
4. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
5. Phellinus weirii – Laminated root rot

Stem:

1. Aphididae – Aphid
2. Buprestidae – Flatheaded wood borer, metallic wood borer
3. Cerambycidae – Roundheaded wood borer, longhorned beetle
4. Cryptoporus volvatus – Pouch fungus
5. Fomitopsis of ficinalis – Brown heartrot
6. Fomitopsis of pinicola – Redbelt fungus
7. Gnathotrichus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
8. Phaeolus schweinitzii – Schweinitzii root and butt rot
9. Phellinus pini – White pocket rot
10. Platypus spp. – Ambrosia beetle
11. Scolytus ventralis – Fir engraver
12. Trypodendron spp. – Ambrosia beetle
13. Xyleborus spp. – Ambrosia beetle

Leaf & bud:

1. Choristoneura occidentalis – Western spruce budworm
2. Herpotrichia juniperi – Snow mold
3. Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa – Western hemlock looper
4. Neophasia menapia – Pine butterfly

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