Monochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier)From: Kolk A., Starzyk J. R., 1996: The Atlas of Forest Insect Pests Occurrence: The central and eastern Europe, Siberia, the Caucasian mountains, the north-eastern Turkey and the northern Mongolia. Host plants: Mainly the Scots pine and the black pine, but also other pines, the Norway spruce, common fir, larch. Morphology: Adults are 12-25 mm long, brownish black with unclear stripes of yellowish or whitish hair. Yellow scutellum at the base of elytrae is divided by a dark line to a half of its length. Antennae of males are black, 2-3 times longer than the body, while those of females are with whitish rings beginning from the 3rd segment and 1/3 or 1/2 times longer than the body. Pronotum is with a sharp spine on both sides. The egg is white, elongated, 3.4x1.5 mm in size. It is surrounded by the additional cover. Larvae are white, legless, up to 35 mm long. The pupa is white, with well visible spirally curved antennae on the ventral part of the body. There is a sharp spine curved upward on the end of its body. Biology: Adults emerge 3-4 weeks after pupation through oval exit holes of 4-7 mm in diameter. Adults have a complementary feeding on shoots in tree crowns, thus damaging the bark and occasionally needles. Swarming occurs from the end of June through August. Females lay eggs (single or in groups) in incisions made with mandibles in the thin bark. One female lays 30-40 eggs. Newly hatched larvae feed under the bark, later penetrate phloem and cambium. Larval galleries are filled with thick wood chips. After feeding for 20-60 days, they bore into the wood where overwinter. In spring it continues feeding in the wood and then pupates in the pupal chamber constructed in the wood. It has one generation per year. Damage: M. galloprovincialis is a serious secondary pest. It attacks mainly weakened trees, but when abundant it can attack also healthy trees weakened by the complementary feeding of adults and incisions made by females. Heavy larval feeding causes the death of trees and lower the timber value. This species is common in stands infested by pine defoliators, root pathogens or damaged by fire, wind or snow. Damage: M. galloprovincialis is a serious secondary pest. It attacks mainly weakened trees, but when abundant it can attack also healthy trees weakened by the complementary feeding of adults and incisions made by females. Heavy larval feeding causes the death of trees and lower the timber value. This species is common in stands infested by pine defoliators, root pathogens or damaged by fire, wind or snow. Preventive measures: Continuous removal of dying trees, unbarked timber including thick branches, windthrows etc. during a year. Control: Removal of infested trees. The use of trap trees is also recommended. Trap trees should be used 2 or 3 times: the first exposures in early May and debarking in late-June, the second exposure in mid-June and debarking in late-July, and eventually the third exposure in mid-July and debarking in late-August. Trees with the thin bark should be selected for traps. It is recommended to place: 6 traps per ha in 20-40 old stands, 2 traps per 1 ha in old stands, and 1-2 trees per every 100 m of the forest edge in open areas. Infested trees can be easily recognized due to white long chips coming out of the bark and pieces of the bark fallen down after woodpeckers activity.
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Forest Pests: Insects, Diseases & Other Damage Agents |
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