GLOSSARY

Leininger, T.D; Solomon, J.D.; Wilson, A. Dan; Schiff, N.M. 1999. A Guide to Major Insects, Diseases, Air Pollution Injury, and Chemical Injury of Sycamore. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-28. Asheville, NC: USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 44 p.

acervulus(-i): a saucer-shaped fungal structure embedded in host tissue in which conidia form.

ascocarps: the sexual fruiting bodies of Ascomycetes.

Ascomycetes: a large group of fungi characterized by producing spores in a saclike structure (ascus).

ascospores: sexual spores of Ascomycetes.

basidiocarps: the sexual fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes.

Basidiomycetes: a large group of fungi characterized by producing spores on a club-like structure (basidium).

basidiospores: sexual spores of Basidiomycetes.

bole: the main trunk of a tree.

butt: the lower bole of the main stem.

callus: a protective tissue that forms to cover wounds on stems and branches.

cambium: a thin layer of meristematic cells between the bark and wood.

cankers: a definite localized necrotic lesion of the bark and cambium.

cleistothecimu(-ia): roundish ascocarps of powdery mildews, typically with appendages, in which ascospores form.

conidium(-ia): an asexual fungal spore.

damping-off: a disease of seedlings that causes rotting of the hypocotyl and prevents shoot emergence, or causes a new shoot to fall over.

dieback: the gradual dying of a tree crown usually from the top down and from the outside in.

ELISA test: enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay; a test that detects a specific molecule, usually a protein, consistently associated with a certain organism.

elytron (a): hard leathery forewing of beetles.

frass: wood fragments mixed with excrement produced by insect larvae.

hair pencil: tuft of long upright parallel setae (hairs).

hypha(-e): a fungal filament.

inoculum(-a): the spores, mycelium, or other propagules of a pathogen that initially infect a host.

microsclerotium(-ia): a firm, often rounded, compact mass of fungal hyphae that are packed together to form a resistant structure.

mycelium(-ia): a collection of hyphae that make up a fungus body.

necrotic: composed of dead cells.

perithecium(-ia): flask-shaped ascocarps in which ascospores are formed.

saprophytic: the ability to grow on dead plant tissue.

sapwood: the outer, water-conducting wood of the tree stem.

sporodochium(-ia): a cushion-shaped stroma covered with conidiophores.

stroma(-mata): a mass or mat of hyphae in or on which fruiting bodies form.