Csóka, György and Kovács, Tibor (1999): Xilofág rovarok - Xylophagous insects. Hungarian Forest Research Institute. Erdészeti Turományos Intézet, Agroinform Kiadó, Budapest, 189 pp.
Mn: Orrszarvúbogár / En: European rhinoceros beetle
24-45 mm. Occurs in most parts of Europe. Can be found on the lower slopes of mountains, hilly regions and lowlands, mainly in older oak forests close to their natural state. The larvae develop for 2-3 years mainly in decaying stumps and roots of oak (Quercus). The fully-grown larva can reach 11 cm in length, pupating in the decaying wood. The duration of the pupal stage is 4-6 weeks. Even more overlapping generation can develop in a larger stump. Probably due to the disappearance of its original habitats it can develop in other broad-leaved tree species such as Sophora, Robinia, Aesculus, Fraxinus, Populus and so on. This species can also be abundant in the older sawdust hills and wood debris piles of sawmills. However most attention must be paid to preservation of the natural habitats. The adults can be found in June-July, in forests, forest margins and places where the trees were recently cut. They hide during daytime. On warm evenings the adults search for suitable breeding places with a buzzing flight. They do not feed during their short life. The dead beetles can often be found at the base of the foodplant (similarly to Lucanus cervus). In natural habitats it is not common in Hungary. (V)
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